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Folding Plate
Puffer note:
The above picture is a copy of the diagram found on the front folding plate. It is simply impossible to duplicate the quality and impressiveness of the original on this web page.
Click on the below links for a closer look at the four main sections of the above plate.
COAL GAS
WATER GAS
STORAGE
USE
Condenser
This is fitted with tubes surrounded by water and arranged so gas goes through the tubes and the water absorbs the heat in the passing gas.
Scrubber
Thìs consists of a cylìndrical tower containg a number of wooden trays having slats running crosswise in checker board fashion and where water spray at the top of the tower keeps the slats wet and washes the impurities down over the wet surfaces.
Purifier
This is a large box containing two trays of oxide of iron where the sulphur impurities in the gas are absorbed by the iron and removed from the gas. The top or lid of the purifier can be raised, as shown by the dotted lines above, for changing the oxide. A pile of oxide undergoing airing is shown on the floor underneath the purifier.
Gas Holder
This is merely an open top circular tank filled with water in which a smaller open bottom tank is placed so that the gas can fill the space between the water and the top of the smaller inside tank called a "lift." When the gas volume is increased, the lift rises, when the gas decreases, the lift descends. The weigh of the lift produces pressure on the gas.
Station Meter
This is merely a large meter which measures the volume of gas manufacured as it goes to the storage holder.
Coal Gas
This is made by heating bituminous coal about 4 hours in extremely heated, air tight, retorts. Gas is driven off and a residue called "gas house coke" is left in each retort. This is withdrawn and a fresh charge of coal added. The gas evolved is withdrawn by the exhauster and pushed to the condenser where the tar and oil are precipitated and drained out at the bottom. The gas then goes to the scrubber where the ammonia is washed out and the resulting ammonia solution removed at the bottom. The gas now goes to the purifier where the sulphur is removed and then passes through the station meter and into the storage holder.
Water Gas
If water in the form of steam is brought into intimate contact with red hot carbon, hydrogen and carbon monoxide will be made. This is the basic feature of the water gas process. The steam will soon chill the carbon and the carbon must be heated again by shutting off the steam and blowing with air, making the process intermittent.
Carburetted [1] -- That is, Oil Enriched-Water Gas
In order to increase the heating value of the blue gas and sometimes give it luminous qualities -- although this is obsolete -- oil under pressure is sprayed down over the hot brick work in the carburetter. The hot checker brick work in the carburetter and super-heater converts tbe oil into a fixed gas, this known as carbureting and the gas is called "car buretted water gas."
The gas then enters the bottom or the scrubber by bubbling through a water seal which prevents the return flow of the gas. The scrubber washes the gas clean from its tar and carbon particles. The gas then goes to the condenser where the tar vapor carried is condensed and then drained out at the bottom. The gas then goes to the relief holder whitch equalizes the delivery beyond on account of the intermittent operation of the process. One complete cycle of getting the fuel bed ready and making a "run-of-gas" takes about 7 minutes.
The gas is pulled out of the relief holder by the exauster, passes through the purifer which removes the sulphur and then through the station meter to the storage holder.
Storage
Gas is made at practically a uniform rate for 24 hours. The rate of use of the gas varies largely during different hours of the day. The function of the holder is to equalize the input and output.
Governor
As the gas comes into the holder and raises the telescoping sections, the weight of the metal that the gas must support increases and this increases the pressure on the gas, therefore, the higher the holder is raised the greater must be the resulting gas pressure.
To furnish a more uniform pressure to the consumer, the gas now goes through a governor which is merely a mechanical device where a variable intake pressure is changed to a practically uniform pressure in the distributing mains.
Delivery of Gas
From the governor the gas goes into the street mains, through the curb cock, service line, house meter and to the consumer's appliance.
Like the realization of an alchemist's dream, we have a serviceable transmutation of a baser substance into one of greater value in the unnoticed transmutation of crude, dirty, inert coal into energetic gas which
can then be transmitted to a consumer far away where the turning of a gas cock makes it instantaneously available.
[1] Official Spelling of the American Gas Association.
Back | Forward
Puffer note:
The above picture is a copy of the diagram found on the front folding plate. It is simply impossible to duplicate the quality and impressiveness of the original on this web page.
Click on the below links for a closer look at the four main sections of the above plate.
COAL GAS
WATER GAS
STORAGE
USE
Condenser
This is fitted with tubes surrounded by water and arranged so gas goes through the tubes and the water absorbs the heat in the passing gas.
Scrubber
Thìs consists of a cylìndrical tower containg a number of wooden trays having slats running crosswise in checker board fashion and where water spray at the top of the tower keeps the slats wet and washes the impurities down over the wet surfaces.
Purifier
This is a large box containing two trays of oxide of iron where the sulphur impurities in the gas are absorbed by the iron and removed from the gas. The top or lid of the purifier can be raised, as shown by the dotted lines above, for changing the oxide. A pile of oxide undergoing airing is shown on the floor underneath the purifier.
Gas Holder
This is merely an open top circular tank filled with water in which a smaller open bottom tank is placed so that the gas can fill the space between the water and the top of the smaller inside tank called a "lift." When the gas volume is increased, the lift rises, when the gas decreases, the lift descends. The weigh of the lift produces pressure on the gas.
Station Meter
This is merely a large meter which measures the volume of gas manufacured as it goes to the storage holder.
Coal Gas
This is made by heating bituminous coal about 4 hours in extremely heated, air tight, retorts. Gas is driven off and a residue called "gas house coke" is left in each retort. This is withdrawn and a fresh charge of coal added. The gas evolved is withdrawn by the exhauster and pushed to the condenser where the tar and oil are precipitated and drained out at the bottom. The gas then goes to the scrubber where the ammonia is washed out and the resulting ammonia solution removed at the bottom. The gas now goes to the purifier where the sulphur is removed and then passes through the station meter and into the storage holder.
Water Gas
If water in the form of steam is brought into intimate contact with red hot carbon, hydrogen and carbon monoxide will be made. This is the basic feature of the water gas process. The steam will soon chill the carbon and the carbon must be heated again by shutting off the steam and blowing with air, making the process intermittent.
Carburetted [1] -- That is, Oil Enriched-Water Gas
In order to increase the heating value of the blue gas and sometimes give it luminous qualities -- although this is obsolete -- oil under pressure is sprayed down over the hot brick work in the carburetter. The hot checker brick work in the carburetter and super-heater converts tbe oil into a fixed gas, this known as carbureting and the gas is called "car buretted water gas."
The gas then enters the bottom or the scrubber by bubbling through a water seal which prevents the return flow of the gas. The scrubber washes the gas clean from its tar and carbon particles. The gas then goes to the condenser where the tar vapor carried is condensed and then drained out at the bottom. The gas then goes to the relief holder whitch equalizes the delivery beyond on account of the intermittent operation of the process. One complete cycle of getting the fuel bed ready and making a "run-of-gas" takes about 7 minutes.
The gas is pulled out of the relief holder by the exauster, passes through the purifer which removes the sulphur and then through the station meter to the storage holder.
Storage
Gas is made at practically a uniform rate for 24 hours. The rate of use of the gas varies largely during different hours of the day. The function of the holder is to equalize the input and output.
Governor
As the gas comes into the holder and raises the telescoping sections, the weight of the metal that the gas must support increases and this increases the pressure on the gas, therefore, the higher the holder is raised the greater must be the resulting gas pressure.
To furnish a more uniform pressure to the consumer, the gas now goes through a governor which is merely a mechanical device where a variable intake pressure is changed to a practically uniform pressure in the distributing mains.
Delivery of Gas
From the governor the gas goes into the street mains, through the curb cock, service line, house meter and to the consumer's appliance.
Like the realization of an alchemist's dream, we have a serviceable transmutation of a baser substance into one of greater value in the unnoticed transmutation of crude, dirty, inert coal into energetic gas which
can then be transmitted to a consumer far away where the turning of a gas cock makes it instantaneously available.
[1] Official Spelling of the American Gas Association.
Back | Forward